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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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atlantco.1
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1991-04-06
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Geography
Total area: 82,217,000 km2; includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea,
Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage,
Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea,
Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies.
Comparative area: slightly less than nine times the size
of the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans (after
the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean).
Coastline: 111,866 km.
Climate: tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the
coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the
Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December,
but are most frequent from August to November.
Terrain: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador
Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June;
clockwise warm water gyre (broad, circular system of currents)
in the north Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre
in the south Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for
the entire Atlantic basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters
in the Puerto Rico Trench.
Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals
(seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits,
polymetallic nodules, precious stones.
Environment: endangered marine species include the manatee,
seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; municipal sludge
pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina;
oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo,
Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal
sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean
Sea; icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and
the northwestern Atlantic from February to August and have
been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands;
icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern Atlantic.
Note: ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north
Atlantic from October to May and extreme south Atlantic
from May to October; persistent fog can be a hazard to shipping
from May to September; major choke points include the Dardanelles,
Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals;
strategic straits include the Dover Strait, Straits of Florida,
Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage;
north Atlantic shipping lanes subject to icebergs from February
to August; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the
North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.